Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) (Clean & Fuel Saving Technology)

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ABSTRACT

Today automobiles are identified as one of the major causes of air pollution and energy depletion. Vehicles are also identified for their low efficiency in other words high-energy loss. Hybrid Electric Vehicles have the capacity to overcome these situations and bring a new revolution.

Any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can directly or indirectly provides propulsion power is a hybrid. The gasoline electric hybrid vehicle is just the required type of crossbreed between a gasoline powered vehicle and electric vehicle. Hybrid vehicles run both with a rechargeable battery as well as gasoline. In a hybrid engine, power from gasoline and power from a set of batteries transmits power to an electric motor. There are less adverse effects due to the Hybrid electric vehicles. Also the batteries used in hybrid vehicles (rechargeable Nickel metal hydride, Lead acid batteries, Lithium Polymer batteries) are disposable which will not pose any toxic hazards to the environment. The notable fact in hybrid vehicles is that the DC machine is that it can run both as a Motor as well as a generator.

In addition, hybrid vehicles make use of a system that recovers power from the momentum of the vehicle when braking. The Hybrid vehicles are complicated machines when compared to their counterparts of the gasoline-powered vehicles. But higher efficiencies, lower emissions of hybrid vehicles grabs the attention of the new ERA. The other facilities of these hybrid vehicles i.e. performance, manufacturing cost and environmental impacts are discussed in this paper...

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Solar Power Aircraft Project

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The objective of Project was to design an aircraft that would fly unmanned for extended periods of time at high altitudes using solar power. Platform, payload, power sources, long flight duration, unmanned, real-time access, remote guidance and control, and cost were all considered during the design process. An altitude of more then 10,00,00 feet altitude and speed of more then 25mph is kept as target. This can be achieved by triple slotted flap wing because it increases lift and thrust of the air craft. NASA’s Helios aircraft was chosen to be the platform for the mission. The vehicle will be powered by black silicon solar panels and a high-speed flywheel for nighttime flight. The science package will include a Digital Array Scanned Interferometer (DASI), an “Airborne Real-Time Imaging System,” and an acoustic remote sensing system known as SODAR. They will be used for a variety of monitoring purposes, such as storm development, forests, and other large remote expanses to provide early warning of hurricanes, fires, or crop damage. The DASI sensor will also collect, identify, and monitor environmental data for the assessment of global change...

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Hydraulically Operated Spring Stiffness Measuring Machine

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Brief Description

Stiffness of the spring means load required for unit deflection, It is also known as spring index and is main parameter for specification of springs. Springs like Compression helical spring, Tension helical spring, Leaf spring of various sizes and shapes are designed and manufactured.  But to check their stiffness is very difficult unless we have such machine.

Stiffness checking machine also useful in Engineering college, Polytechnics, for laboratory experiments. Stiffness checking machine is useful for spring manufacturer as well as spring purchasers for checking the stiffness. In Industry quality control department helps much more.

Considering wide application of machine this project is taken for design the simple machine...

CONTENTS.
TITLE.
1.    Synopsis.
2.    Final project report.
3.    Brief description about project.
4.    Type of springs.
5.    Materials for helical spring.
6.    Materials for leaf spring.
7.    Hydraulic fluid.
8.    About equipment.
9.    Hydraulic circuit.
10.    Working principle.
11.    Specification.
12.    Design of various components.
13.    Power pack.
14.    Design of main frame.
15.    Design of Ram end thread.
16.    Design of Adjustable table screw.
17.    Design of hydraulic cylinder thickness, flange thickness.
18.    Design of end cover & seal box bolts.
19.    Design of table.
20.    Forward load & Return load calculation.
21.    Load/pressure graph for cylinder forward.
22.    Load/pressure graph for cylinder return.
23.    Cost estmatation,
24.    Catalogues.      
    i.  Hand pump.
    ii. Lever operated D.C.valve.
    iii.Pressure relief Valve.

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